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android提供了不少命令行工具,方便我们调试和查看信息.下面是frameworks/base/cmds(android 6.0.1)中的命令.
$ tree cmds -L 1
cmds
├── am
├── appops
├── app_process
├── appwidget
├── backup
├── bmgr
├── bootanimation
├── bu
├── content
├── dpm
├── hid
├── idmap
├── ime
├── input
├── interrupter
├── media
├── pm
├── requestsync
├── screencap
├── settings
├── sm
├── svc
├── telecom
├── uiautomator
└── wm
上面每一个目录都是一个/一组命令.其中svc中包括power, data, wifi, usb, nfc这些开关.
这里只列举一些我平时可能用的到的命令(am, appops, ime, input, pm, screencap, settings, svc, uiautomator, wm)来演示.先从简单的开始.
ime
ime是和输入法相关的,可以通过它来启用/设置输入法,也可以列出手机中已有的输入法.
$ adb shell ime list -scom.sohu.inputmethod.sogou/.SogouIMEcom.google.android.inputmethod.pinyin/.PinyinIMEcom.sohu.inputmethod.sogou.xiaomi/.SogouIME
input
input命令可以模拟输入
比如我们想在输入框内输入123
adb shell input text 123
注意,要满足几点,首先要聚焦在输入框,另外最好使用原生输入法
我们也可以模拟系统按键,比如返回键
adb shell input keyevent KEYCODE_BACK
我们也可以模拟点击事件,比如点击x=900,y=150
$ adb shell input tap 900 150
wm
wm命令可以获得分辨率/屏幕密度等
$ adb shell wm sizePhysical size: 1080x1920$ adb shell wm densityPhysical density: 480
还可以修改显示输入图像的比例,不过不知道有什么用,大家可以试试这个命令.
$ wm overscan 10,10,100,100$ wm overscan reset
试过之后记得执行reset
screencap
screencap用来截屏
$ adb shell screencap -husage: screencap [-hp] [-d display-id] [FILENAME] -h: this message -p: save the file as a png. -d: specify the display id to capture, default 0.If FILENAME ends with .png it will be saved as a png.If FILENAME is not given, the results will be printed to stdout.
我们可以直接将截屏保存到电脑中
$ adb shell screencap -p | sed 's/\r$//' > screen.png
也可以将截图保存到sd卡中
$ adb shell 'cd sdcard; screencap -p screen.png'$ adb shell ls -l sdcard/screen.png-rw-rw---- root sdcard_rw 197116 2016-06-21 11:49 screen.png
uiautomator
uiautomator可以用来做UI测试,也可以dump出当前UI结构.如果觉得hierarchy不好用,也可以试试这个命令.只不过结果是xml形式,信息也很全.
$ adb shell uiautomator Usage: uiautomator[options]Available subcommands:help: displays help messageruntest: executes UI automation tests runtest [options] : < -c | -e class > : a list of jar files containing test classes and dependencies. If the path is relative, it's assumed to be under /data/local/tmp. Use absolute path if the file is elsewhere. Multiple files can be specified, separated by space. : a list of test class names to run, separated by comma. To a single method, use TestClass#testMethod format. The -e or -c option may be repeated. This option is not required and if not provided then all the tests in provided jars will be run automatically. options: --nohup: trap SIG_HUP, so test won't terminate even if parent process is terminated, e.g. USB is disconnected. -e debug [true|false]: wait for debugger to connect before starting. -e runner [CLASS]: use specified test runner class instead. If unspecified, framework default runner will be used. -e : other name-value pairs to be passed to test classes. May be repeated. -e outputFormat simple | -s: enabled less verbose JUnit style output.dump: creates an XML dump of current UI hierarchy dump [--verbose][file] [--compressed]: dumps compressed layout information. [file]: the location where the dumped XML should be stored, default is /sdcard/window_dump.xmlevents: prints out accessibility events until terminated
dump当前UI结构
adb shell uiautomator dump sdcard/test.xml
settings
settings可以修改/获取系统设置信息
$ adb shell settings usage: settings [--user NUM] get namespace key settings [--user NUM] put namespace key value settings [--user NUM] delete namespace key settings [--user NUM] list namespace'namespace' is one of {system, secure, global}, case-insensitiveIf '--user NUM' is not given, the operations are performed on the owner user. 比如我们想查看android_id
$ adb shell settings get secure android_id1dbbe170f8995d89
查看wifi状态
$ adb shell settings get global wifi_on1
查看日期是否是24小时制
$ adb shell settings get system time_12_2424
svc
svc下面有一组命令,power, data, wifi, usb, nfc,可以控制其开关
例如:
$ svc wifisvc wifiControl the Wi-Fi manager usage: svc wifi [enable|disable] Turn Wi-Fi on or off.
控制移动网络数据开关
$ adb shell svc data disable$ adb shell svc data enable
appops
appops可以查看/修改权限相关信息
$ adb shell appops get com.android.phone VIBRATE: allow; time=+1d3h57m1s111ms ago; duration=+63msREAD_CONTACTS: allow; time=+2h10m59s285ms agoREAD_SMS: allow; time=+2h10m49s858ms agoWRITE_SMS: allow; time=+3m46s339ms agoREAD_ICC_SMS: allow; time=+2h10m49s859ms agoWRITE_CLIPBOARD: allow; time=+10d2h24m17s819ms agoWAKE_LOCK: allow; time=+5s122ms ago; duration=+14msREAD_EXTERNAL_STORAGE: allow; time=+14h31m4s898ms agoWRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE: allow; time=+14h31m4s898ms ago$ adb shell appops get com.android.phone READ_CONTACTSREAD_CONTACTS: allow; time=+2h28m33s274ms ago
am和pm这两个命令应该算是最复杂也是最常用的了.我们可以通过am启动页面,发送广播等,可以通过pm列出手机中的app,启用禁用app等.当然有一些是需要root权限的.这里就不再介绍了.
android手机中的命令行工具不只这些,在frameworks/native/cmds中也有一些命令,比如我们常用的,在我之前的blog中也介绍过.
了解了这些工具,我们就可以写一些脚本来获取手机和app信息, 省去了log也方便查看和调试.
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